The Evolution Of HP and Epson Inkjet Printers

Niall Roche

When you’re looking for ink for printers, two names rise to the top of the pile: HP inkjet cartridges and Epson ink cartridges. Of course, it really depends on what brand printer you own, but if you’re after high quality prints, HP and Epson will deliver quality both in the printers they make and in the ink they develop for their printers.

Actually, the word "develop" pretty well sums up the difference between HP inkjet cartridges, Epson ink cartridges, and their competitors. Both of these giants in the printing industry continually put your money back to work for you by researching, developing, and implementing the most current innovative technologies to deliver the best print solutions to their customers including the ink for the printers they market.

Hewlett Packard didn’t start out making HP inkjet cartridges. In fact, they didn’t start making ink for printers. HP was started in 1939 by Stanford classmates, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard who made an audio oscillator—an instrument used by sound engineers and then sold eight of them for use in the movie Walt Disney movie Fantasia.

Hewlett Packard’s dedication to providing their customers with new technologies has carried them through the decades. In 1978, HP dove into the field of desktop printing and in 1984 released the “Thinkjet” and later that year, the HP Laserjet Printer. The dependability and affordability of these two HP Printers changed the direction of the entire printing industry. This year, HP’s development and release of Vivera Ink for printers is a new breakthrough in 21st Century photographic imaging.

Epson has long been a household word in both consumer and business printing, simplifying solutions for specialized operations like the first seven-color archival desktop photo printer to offering the home-computer user an Epson ink cartridge that tells you when it’s running dry!

The company is a subsidiary of the Japan-based Seiko Epson Corporation, which evolved from K. Hattori & Company, a company that was established in 1881 and involved in the importing and exporting of clocks and watches. In 1968, Suwa Seikosha (the parent company of the Seiko Group) developed the first commercially successful printer mechanism, the EP-101. In 1975, the Epson brand was established and since that time Epson has been the forerunner of many innovations in desktop printing and ink for their printers. Epson prides itself in its century-long development of precision solutions for its customers.

An attribute Epson and HP share is their attention to precision detail; both continually deliver the best not only in products such as their printers but also in support products like the ink for the printers they sell. Another characteristics these companies have in common is their dedication to doing business in an environmentally responsible manner in the understanding that preserving their market is as important as broadening it.

Read More.....

Common Gateway Interface - CGI Scripts

GOARTICLES.COM

CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface, using CGI scripts to add automation to your web site. CGI is the most common type of scripts may have one or a number of files that need to be configed to work. CGI is a server-side solution for your web sites. Some of scripts you can find mostly free like web site management, password protection, shopping carts and many more.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is one of the most widely used server applications on the Internet. Many Web servers let you run CGI scripts written in a scripting language called Perl because it's well suited for that kind of thing. Perl is an interpretive language, so the Perl scripts you use don't have to be compiled. You just copy the Perl CGI scripts onto the right part of your server, and they're ready to go.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts may be written in any programming language capable of following the specification. Perl is by far the most popular language for CGI programming.

CGI Mechanism

The CGI mechanism has been standardized in the following way. In the normal directory tree that the server considers to be the root, you create a subdirectory named cgi-bin. The server then understands that any file requested from the special cgi-bin directory should not simply be read and sent, but instead should be executed. The output of the executed program is what it actually sent to the browser that requested the page.

Features of CGI

1. CGI Common Gateway Interface, is a protocal script used to make your site dynamic.

2. Common gateway interface is another type of protection that basically compares then matches your login and password to known account fields.

3. Common Gateway Interface, better known as CGI, is one of the most widely used server applications on the Internet.

4. CGI (Common Gateway Interface) can do, such as process form data and auto generate dynamic content.

5. Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripting is often used to access legacy databases from an intranet.

Read More.....

Get Marketing and Sales Education To Enter Global Economy

Michael Bustamante

If you are serious about entering the global economy with knowledge and skills, then you should get the best marketing and sales education you can find. People with good training in the field can confidently pursue a variety of exciting positions in advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, retail, and business management.

Many schools offer marketing and sales courses for people looking to get ahead in business and retail. Vocational schools will generally offer a certificate of completion or undergraduate degrees, such as the associate degree with an emphasis on business. Courses in the field can be quite diverse, and can include instruction in areas of business administration, accounting, business law, communications, consumer behavior, economics, finance, foreign language (if applicable), marketing and market research, mathematics, public affairs and speaking, political science, sales, statistics, technical writing, and visual arts.

While many employers appreciate candidates who have achieved their bachelor or master degrees, there are many organizations that are satisfied with entry-level vocational credentials, such as certificates in retail management, or certification in public relations.

If you are interested in preparing for employment in the field, it is important that you have reached a high level of maturity. The best candidates for careers in marketing and sales should be ambitious, creative, adaptable to change, and possess leadership skills.

Though degree programs are primarily focused on the business aspects of the trade, additional courses can help you gain the skills to effectively communicate both verbally and in writing.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics, occupational growth in marketing and sales is expected to be faster than the average career. Graduates can anticipate improved opportunities to attain gainful and rewarding employment. While there are a variety of earning potentials, entry-level salaries start out at around $33,000 and may go up to $100,000 or more annually.

If you are ready to enter this diverse and lucrative field, contact schools in your area offering marketing and sales education today!

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on our website.

Copyright 2008 - All rights reserved by Media Positive Communications, Inc.
___________________
Notice: Publishers are free to use this article on an ezine or website, provided the article is reprinted in its entirety, including copyright and disclaimer, and ALL links remain intact and active.

Read More.....

Introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Erthy W

A Cascading Style Sheet is a set of rules that specify how a HTML document should be presented. Cascading Style Sheets are used to format HTML. You should have at least a basic understanding of HTML before starting to learn CSS.

There are three types of style sheet: external, internal, and inline. Cascading Style Sheets get their name from the hierarchy assigned to them. The inline style sheet has the highest priority when formatting the HTML, followed by the internal style sheet, and finally the external style sheet. This means that if there are conflicting values in an inline style sheet and an external style sheet for example, only the style defined within the inline style sheet will be applied (the rest of the external style sheet will be applied as normal however).

The only major difference between style sheets is their location in relation to the document. Inline style sheets are contained within the specific element's tags, and will be only be applied to that element. Internal style sheets are included between the head tags of the document, and will only be applied to the elements within that specific document. External style sheets are separate .css documents that are applied to elements in pages that they are linked to. This makes them very useful for applying the same style to different documents. The link to the external style sheet is included in the head tags.

The CSS structure is comprised of 3 components: the selector, the property and the value. The selector defines which HTML element is being formatted. The property defines what aspect of the HTML element needs to be changed. The value specifies how the aspect will be changed.

The selector is defined first, followed by the property and the value contained between curly braces and separated by a colon, like so: Selector{property:value}

For example, if we wanted to define a 2 pixel border for all the tables in a document:

Table{border-width:2px}

Note: the word "attribute" is often used instead of "property".

The structure is slightly different for inline style sheets, as they are specific to the element in which they are contained; there is no need for the selector or the curly braces. If we wanted to define a 2 pixel border for one specific table, the tag would look like this

<'table style="border-width:2px">

(An apostrophe has been included after the starting tag to avoid being recognized as HTML).

Once you know the structure of CSS, all you need to know is the different selectors, properties and values. You define your own selectors using classes and IDs. An ID is unique and can only be used once in a document, whereas you can classify any number of elements in a document using classes. Remember not to start the name of your ID or class by a number as this not supported by some browsers. There is also a 'wildcard' selector: the asterisk *.

If you are interested in learning more about CSS, there are many good resources online.

Read More.....

Protecting your PC from virus and spyware

Akim

Buying the best computer is not as important as protecting your valuable products. You have to protect your computer from virus and spy ware that can damage your PC for ever. Prevention is better than cure when it comes to your computer. I usually advice people to shield their computers from virus and spy ware. Some viruses are hard to remove from your computer even if you format your drive.

When you purchase a new or use computer make sure you have:

1. Anti Virus
2. Spy Ware stoppers
3. Internet security firewall
4. Pop up blockers for your browser

Note: Make sure you have all the software install before you get on the internet. This will protect your computer from virus, spy ware and others.

Read More.....

At First For Learning Mandarin Chinese Language

Wang Liguang

In the business world needless to say, speaking and listening are the most important skills in order to share your idea. Let me put my concept straight if you know what you want to converse and you know lots of Chinese words, then you can easily create sentences in Chinese!

Well that's what you will be getting from this website. Free learning more with sound at http://www.easy2chinese.com

You might be asking yourself this question How can I read and learn Chinese without knowing any Chinese's letter? My answer is "You can start by reading PIN YIN language. PIN YIN is the language which is used by people who learn Chinese around the world.

My piece of advice is First of all, you should know about 3 things in Chinese. They are Grammar, Alphabet, and Vowel and Pitch Tone .

Somehow, if you're bored out of your brain with the Grammar, you can just pass the step and get straight to the conversations. By clicking the sound buttons which will show you every word, you can try memorizing them all. This way is the easiest and most enjoyable way to learn Chinese. And at any certain time in the future where you feel that you want to learn it profoundly, you can come back to the Beginning. Make your own choice of learning! learning Mandarin Chinese free at http://www.easy2chinese.com

Read More.....

Protecting Children Online With Internet Parental Controls

Kelly Hunter

The World Wide Web is a fascinating place. It has obliterated geography in terms of education and business. It facilitates learning by allowing kids to see things and experiences aspects of different places they may never get the chance to see in the non-virtual world. The Internet can bring people together who otherwise would never know each other and create a virtual universe that is totally cohesive, with every kind of information imaginable literally available at your fingertips. Sounds great, doesn’t it?

Unfortunately, the Internet has a dark side. It is full of material that is inappropriate for children and all kinds of predators. Leaving your kids alone to fend for themselves on the Web is exactly as dangerous at leaving them in a crowed airport or shopping mall. You don’t know where they’re going or who with. The news is filled with horror stories about kids who have been taken advantage of on the Internet, but you don’t want yours to miss out on all the positive aspects of the technology. The first line of defense in keeping your kids save on the Web is to teach them how to use it safely.

A lot of online dangers can be dodged simply by reminding kids of one of their earliest learned lessons: don’t talk to strangers. The kinds of people who want to harm kids have all kinds of tricks up their sleeves. They may try to lull your child into a false sense of security by pretending to be someone she knows. Make sure your child understands that it isn’t a good idea to give out personal information such as their address, phone number or the name of their school. The less information a potential predator has, the harder it will be for him to actually locate a victim. It might be a good idea to establish a secret password and share it only with friends and family so your kid has a way to identify people who are safe to chat with.

Chat interfaces and instant messaging are great tools for keeping in touch with friends and conduct business, but they are also direct connections between your child and possible pedophiles and other predators. Most instant messengers have settings that will only allow people on a pre-approved list to approach your child. That way you can let the kids chat with family and friends while keeping the bad guys out. You can visit http://www.internet-parental-control.org to find more information on online child safety measures.

You can’t watch your kids every minute they are online, and you can’t always count on them to do what you have taught them to do. Parental control software is a great back up. Most browsers will allow you to customize age-appropriate settings for each child in your house. You can choose what kinds of Web sites you want your kids to access and block them out of the ones you don’t. It’s a great way to provide a virtual safety net for your family. If the parental controls supplied by your Internet Service Provider, check into installing additional software that will evaluate each site your child attempts to access. You set criteria by which the software judges each Web page and assigns a rating, much like a movie rating. Your kids will only be able to look at sites with ratings you have deemed appropriate.

Read More.....

Acquaint Yourself With Computer Printers

Mack John

A computer printer is a device used for printing text or images on hard copy stored in electronic form, generally on physical print media like paper. Printers are designed to support both local and network connected users simultaneously.
Nowadays, modern printers can directly interface to electronic devices like digital cameras. Some printers that come with non printing features are commonly known as Multi-Functional Printers (MFP) or Multi-Function Devices (MFD). It integrates various functions of multiple devices into one. Such types of printers are extremely useful for small businesses and home offices.

As opposed to a traditional printer, a multi-functional printer is a combination of devices like Printer, Scanner, Photocopier, and Fax Machine. Likewise, there are numerous other types of printers widely available in the market. Let’s take a look at them:

Laser Printer: A laser printer works in a similar fashion as a photocopier does. It has a roller which is charged with electricity. A laser beam is passed to remove the charge from portions of the roller. The parts hit by the laser are powdered by the toner which is then transferred from the roller to the paper. Finally, the ink is baked into the paper with the help of a heater incorporated in the printer. People generally prefer laser printer because of its ability to give high quality output and high speed.

Dot Matrix: It has a print head that moves across the page. A dot matrix printer produces characters using a cluster of pins which press an inked ribbon to the paper, thereby creating a dot. Each character is made in the same way. Dot Matrix printers are relatively cheaper and durable. These qualities still attract businesses which use them as invoice printers.

Ink Jet and Bubble Jet: It works in a manner similar to a Dot Matrix Printer. However, its print head sprays liquid ink onto the page instead of pressing a dry ink against the page. Ink jet and bubble jet printers are better known as predecessors of laser printers. They produce better image quality and run faster.

From inkjets to monochrome and color lasers, different printers are designed to accomplish different tasks. Companies like DELL, CANON, LEXMARK, BROTHER, EPSON, and HP HEWLETT PACKARD are most preferred when it comes to buying a printer. Nowadays, computer printer support is widely available on the Internet which saves you from taking it to any expensive technician for troubleshooting.

Read More.....

The ASEAN Scholarships for Indonesia

DataBeasiswa.Com

The ASEAN Scholarships for Indonesia is for studies in selected Singapore schools from Secondary Three to Pre-University Two and is renewed annually, subject to the satisfactory performance of the scholar. And the scholarship is tenable for 4 years leading to the award of the Singapore Cambridge General Certificate of Education ‘Advanced’ (GCE ‘A’) Level (or equivalent) certificate.

The ASEAN Scholarships for Indonesia are welcome students from Indonesia to apply to enter Singapore schools at the Secondary Three level.

Criteria:

• Nationals of Indonesia
• Between 14+ to 16+ years old
• Sat for SMP 3 National Final Evaluation Examination (EBTANAS/UAN) and have done consistently well in school

Dates:

• Application period - 2 June to 21 July
• Selection test dates - mid August
• Selection interview dates - late September, Candidates short-listed for the selection test/interview will be notified a week before the selection test/interview dates
• Award of scholarship - early to mid October
• Arrival of scholar in Singapore - late October

Conditions:

• Allowance of S$2,200 (Secondary) / S$2,400 (Pre-University) per annum with hostel accommodation
• S$400 settling-in allowance (once only)
• Economy class air passage to Singapore and back to home country upon completion of course
• Waiver of school fees and donation to the Education Fund
• Waiver of GCE ‘O’ and ‘A’ Level examination fees (once only, if applicable)
• Subsidised medical benefits and accident insurance cover
• Bridging courses (if applicable, in Singapore before start of course)
•There is no bond attached to the scholarship

The selection tests and interviews will be conducted in Medan, Jakarta, Surabaya (if there are sufficient candidates).

Download the application form

Read More.....

Theses On Feuerbach

By Karl Marx (1845)

1. The main defect of all hitherto-existing materialism — that of Feuerbach included — is that the Object [der Gegenstand], actuality, sensuousness, are conceived only in the form of the object [Objekts], or of contemplation [Anschauung], but not as human sensuous activity, practice [Praxis], not subjectively. Hence it happened that the active side, in opposition to materialism, was developed by idealism — but only abstractly, since, of course, idealism does not know real, sensuous activity as such. Feuerbach wants sensuous objects [Objekte], differentiated from thought-objects, but he does not conceive human activity itself as objective [gegenständliche] activity. In The Essence of Christianity [Das Wesen des Christenthums], he therefore regards the theoretical attitude as the only genuinely human attitude, while practice is conceived and defined only in its dirty-Jewish form of appearance [Erscheinungsform]. Hence he does not grasp the significance of ‘revolutionary’, of ‘practical-critical’, activity.

2. The question whether objective truth can be attributed to human thinking is not a question of theory but is a practical question. Man must prove the truth, i.e., the reality and power, the this-sidedness [Diesseitigkeit] of his thinking, in practice. The dispute over the reality or non-reality of thinking which is isolated from practice is a purely scholastic question.

3. The materialist doctrine that men are products of circumstances and upbringing, and that, therefore, changed men are products of changed circumstances and changed upbringing, forgets that it is men who change circumstances and that the educator must himself be educated. Hence this doctrine is bound to divide society into two parts, one of which is superior to society. The coincidence of the changing of circumstances and of human activity or self-change [Selbstveränderung] can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionary practice.

4. Feuerbach starts off from the fact of religious self-estrangement [Selbstentfremdung], of the duplication of the world into a religious, imaginary world, and a secular [weltliche] one. His work consists in resolving the religious world into its secular basis. He overlooks the fact that after completing this work, the chief thing still remains to be done. For the fact that the secular basis lifts off from itself and establishes itself in the clouds as an independent realm can only be explained by the inner strife and intrinsic contradictoriness of this secular basis. The latter must itself be understood in its contradiction and then, by the removal of the contradiction, revolutionised. Thus, for instance, once the earthly family is discovered to be the secret of the holy family, the former must itself be annihilated [vernichtet] theoretically and practically.

5. Feuerbach, not satisfied with abstract thinking, wants sensuous contemplation [Anschauung]; but he does not conceive sensuousness as practical, human-sensuous activity.

6. Feuerbach resolves the essence of religion into the essence of man [menschliche Wesen = ‘human nature’]. But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations. Feuerbach, who does not enter upon a criticism of this real essence is hence obliged: (1) To abstract from the historical process and to define the religious sentiment regarded by itself, and to presuppose an abstract — isolated - human individual, (2) The essence therefore can by him only be regarded as ‘species’, as an inner ‘dumb’ generality which unites many individuals only in a natural way.

7. Feuerbach consequently does not see that the ‘religious sentiment’ is itself a social product, and that the abstract individual that he analyses belongs in reality to a particular social form.

8. All social life is essentially practical. All mysteries which lead theory to mysticism find their rational solution in human practice and in the comprehension of this practice.

9. The highest point reached by contemplative [anschauende] materialism, that is, materialism which does not comprehend sensuousness as practical activity, is the contemplation of single individuals and of civil society [bürgerlichen Gesellschaft].

10. The standpoint of the old materialism is civil society; the standpoint of the new is human society or social humanity.

11. Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.

Read More.....

Indigenous Power: Indigenous Rights Go Global

By John Mohawk

Indigenous peoples are asserting their moral right to live as distinct communities and reminding us of the power of cooperation with nature. When the Spanish first arrived in the Caribbean over 500 years ago, the idea that indigenous peoples might possess rights was given scant attention. The conquistadores approached many of the indigenous communities with a priest who read a document called the Requiremento, a demand that the people come forth with their bodies and souls and all their property and offer these to the service of the Spanish crown or the Spanish would attack. It was read in Latin as prelude to an orgy of rape, plunder, and genocide.

It wasn’t until the middle of the 16th century that a bishop, Bartolome de Las Casas, championed the idea of some rights of the Indians before the Council of the Indies. Although that body agreed in principle that indigenous peoples should not be abused, the conquest continued unabated.

Fairness and reciprocity

The Europeans who first landed here in the Americas saw their problems very differently than indigenous peoples did and still do. In Europe, the biggest problem was that the people couldn’t produce enough food. They were hungry, and there was always the threat of famine. When they got to the Americas they found a first-rate edible landscape. But bring a bunch of sheep and cows and cut down all the trees for a couple of hundred years, and you don’t have an edible landscape anymore.

European wanted to battle, to outsmart nature —that’s what all their technology is about; that’s what biotechnology particularly is about.

But for the Indians, the question was not how to make war on nature, but how to cooperate with nature. When the Europeans came, the Indians were taking care of the land, so there was grass to feed the deer. The deer and the buffalo were our domesticated animals. The Indians had a very sophisticated system of food management based on cooperation with nature.

The Indians asked questions about fairness, not only human to human, but human to land, human to animal, human to everything. And they tried to get Europeans to see that. The thinking in Indian country was one of respect. The Indians were constantly imploring the Europeans to rethink their relationship with nature. “You’ve got it wrong,” we said. “You’ve got to be fair.”

Taking it to the global stage

Beginning in the early 1950s, some indigenous peoples began urging the international community to recognize their inherent rights to continue to exist as distinct peoples.

The idea was given a significant boost in 1977 when the non-governmental organizations of the United Nations organized a meeting in Geneva to discuss the creation of indigenous rights under international law. In 1982, indigenous representatives were invited to Geneva to witness the development of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations.

This was an important step because, until that time, indigenous peoples had been relegated to the most extreme margins of international affairs.

At first, the nation-states were cautious and occasionally hostile to the idea of indigenous rights and to the movement representing it. As recently as 1999 the Organization of American States (OAS) was essentially closed to indigenous peoples, but the OAS was presented with a mandate from the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and indigenous peoples insisted on a presence in those proceedings. Today, indigenous representatives attend the annual meetings of the 34 member states of the OAS. They are greeted with dignity, and their issues are extended respectful attention.

In fact, many states have now begun to acknowledge the rights of groups to a continued existence as distinct peoples, and this movement has spread rapidly over the past 15 years to Europe, Australia, Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. Today there are young Indian lawyers working on protecting indigenous peoples under principles which only a few short years ago were unimaginable. The OAS, the World Bank, the IMF, and other international institutions now have policies to protect indigenous peoples.

Indigenous people bring a unique argument to the world stage. We don’t have armies or navies, we don’t have national currencies, we don’t have many of the attributes that Western nations think make up nationhood.

And yet we propose that we have a moral right to continue to live as a distinct community and in the manner we have for millennia. And in many ways, it is the indigenous cultures’ relationship to the earth that represents the only real hope for the long term survival of people on any scale in the world.

Read More.....